The Waltz persisted in popularity into the 20th Century, while the other dances of the Victorian ballroom faded away.
However, in the modern ballroom of the 20th Century, the Waltz evolved into modern forms. Certainly there were some dancers who persisted in the Victorian style rotary Waltz, but any such dancer was definitely out of step with the current mode.
The two prevailing forms of the Waltz that emerged in the Ragtime era were the Hesitation and the Boston. By the 1920s, these had merged into what was then called "The Modern Waltz", but in the first two decades of the Century, they each had a distinct character.
By way of introduction, here is a ballroom Waltz scene from 1917, showing a variety of personal styles.