I have compiled a list of "forbidden" dances of the Ragtime Era (roughly 1890-1920). The list below comes entirely from US primary sources: lists of dances named in actual city statutes, lists of dances "Not allowed in this respectable establishment" and in one case, dances they knew "the Man" didn't want them to do, so they did them anyway.
Respectable society was shocked and appalled by the dances of the young (as they generally are) and provided us with a fine set of lists of exactly what they disapproved of, usually lumping them together under the term "Ragging dances".
This is of a part with other initiatives from the decades around the Turn of the 20th Century, when the impulse to purify society of sin by banning sin, was strong (e.g. Prohibition). Dance-banning reached its crescendo in the middle years of the teens.
Some of these are well documented for those who want to dance them today. Others are a bit more obscure, and may have been a brief fad in a particular place, but never quite caught on. Some might not have existed at all. Others, like "Yiddische Gavote", may have just been a slang term for dirty dancing. Generally the ones that can be documented were variations, novelty steps or moves, on a basic One-Step or Two-Step foundation.
Many communities had some sort of "Dancehall Police", charged with keeping local dancehalls from becoming too troublesome. There was a fear that unregulated dancehalls could become hubs of prostitution, human trafficking (aka "White Slavery"), and all manner of contraband, crime and depravity. While these fears were not entirely unfounded, they were greatly exaggerated by public moralists who were in a general panic about anything smacking of the rapidly changing modern world, and newspapers that knew that moral panic sells papers.
Presumably these lists could have figured in their enforcement efforts. They don't seem to have had any major impact though, and likely only served to make the dances more attractive to rebellious youth. The guardians of dancehall decency issued many stern rebukes, and even ejected offenders. They may have even issued citations, but I am aware of only one case actually going to trial, in Lowell Massachusetts, in 1914, when an attempt to punish a couple for dancing an indecent Tango descended into low comedy and public ridicule when the judge demanded a couple of police officers demonstrate the indecent dance in question.
The nation-wide humiliation suffered by the Lowell PD likely had a chilling effect on other communities contemplating a get tough approach.
Regarding the dances on the list, since there was no "National Society for the Clarification of Ragtime" one can not be entirely sure what, for example, was meant by "Hoochy-Mootchy". I suspect that many of these found their way onto a forbidden list when some officious official went to a dance hall, saw something that offended him and asked the first person he met "What's that called". So, what we would have is what some random kid happened to think some dance move was called in a particular dance hall at a particular moment in time. In reality, one variation likely went under multiple names, and one name may have been applied to multiple different variations. It was a merry mess back then at the moment of creation.
I suspect that more often, they were too lazy to actually do any investigation, and perhaps had little or no evidence that any kids were dancing these particular dances in their particular town. They just found someone else's "Banned Dances" list in a newspaper and used it for their own, perhaps adding a few that they overheard their kids mentioning - but in all cases had very little sense of what any of them actually were. These lists are an interesting artifact and data point, but can't really be taken alone as definitive evidence of the presence or absence of a particular dance in a particular place at a particular moment in time.
The first set are the dances I found mentioned repeatedly, sometimes with fines and jail time involved. The Tango is an interesting case. It started out as a shocking dance and a serious moral hazard, but in a few years became respectable as it was embraced by high society, so that by the early 20s, it was being looked on nostalgically as a pleasant dance kids should be doing instead of that evil Jazz (the bogyman that took over the job of corrupting youth from Ragtime around 1920). The most egregious offender seems to have been the Turkey Trot, with it being rumored that Woodrow Wilson canceled his inaugural ball due to his wife's fear of Turkey Trots causing a national scandal (he denied it, but canceled the ball anyway). There was even a bit of national debate, with defenders of the Turkey Trot arguing that it could be danced in a respectable manner, though it unfortunately frequently wasn't.
The video posted below is a 1915 Swedish demonstration of the immoral and decadent dancing coming out of America, intended to deliberately shock the sensibilities of the Swedish establishment.
At the very bottom of this, I have provided a list of my sources. If you have any additional primary sources I could use to expand the list, please let me know.
The Top Offenders (repeated mentions)
Tango
Turkey Trot
Bunny Hug
Grizzly Bear
Texas Tommy
More Obscure Dances
Angle Worm Wiggle
Briney Deep
Camel Hump
The Canter
Chicken Flip
Chicken Dance
Corkscrew Twirl
Formation Glide
Frisco Walk
Gaby Glide
Glad-Eye
Half-Nelson
Heads Together
Hoochy-Mootchy
Hook-Worm Wiggle
Horse Trot
Hyppo Dip
Jelly Wiggle
Pivot
The Shiver
Smyrna Glide
Sun Fish Squirm
Trolly Twirl
Walk-Back
Yiddisher Gavotte
Sources
Sacramento City Ordinance 1912
Santa Cruz City Ordinance 1912
Warrenton City Ordinance 1914
Western Pennsylvania Canoe association - 1913 as reported by the Pittsburgh Daily Post and quoted in an NPR article
Mammoth Hotel advertisement touting a program exclusively of scandalous dances "Let Joy be Unrefined" - 1913
New York Times: "SOCIAL WORKERS SEE REAL 'TURKEY TROTS': Shudder at "The Shiver," Gasp at "The Bunny Hug," and Then Discuss Reforms. NO VERDICT IS RENDERED Welfare Committee Hesitates to Condemn the Dance When Very Properly Done -- Actors Show All Forms. SOCIAL WORKERS SEE REAL 'TURKEY TROTS'" January 1912
Los Angeles Times: "Students may dance". 18 April 1916
"THE SAILOR'S HORN PIPE.: Jackies of the Navy Will Have to Confine Themselves to It and Quit "Trotting."" Los Angeles Times 19 Sept 1913
"International Dancing Masters Declare Wriggly Effects Vulgar and Ungraceful." Los Angeles Times, 5 Sept 1913